I. DEFINING: What Is a Constitution?
1. What is a constitution?
- Why do constitutions matter?
- Do constitutions need to be written down?
2. Is a constitution just a western idea?
- How did Native nations govern themselves prior to colonization?
- Did Native nations have constitutions before the European invasion?
- What were the effects of colonization on Indigenous constitutions?
3. How does our Native nation currently govern?
- Where does our current constitution come from?
- Some rules exist outside written constitutions
4. What’s happening to Native nation constitutions today?
- A groundswell of reform
- Innovation and diversity
II. DEVELOPING: What Kind of Constitution Do We Need?
1. Does our Native nation need to launch a constitutional process?
- The big-picture questions our nation needs to ask…
- What is and isn’t working in our current governing system?
- How much change is needed?
- Are there traditions or practices that our Native nation wants to include?
2. Key questions our Native nation may want to address in our constitution
- Who are we? What is our place in the world?
- What are our values and aspirations as a people?
- Who are the citizens of our nation?
- Who has responsibility for what?
- How do we make decisions?
- How do we make and enforce law?
- How do we resolve disputes?
- How do we choose our leaders and hold them accountable?
- How do we relate to other peoples and governments?
- How specific should our constitution be?
3. Some emerging trends in constitutional change
- Integrating core values, language, history
- Rethinking the collective “self” in self-government
- Giving the community a greater voice in governance
- Longer and staggered terms for those in leadership positions
- In the United States, removal of the Secretary of the Interior approval clause
III. CHANGING: How do we make change happen?
1. Effective strategies for constitution-making and constitutional change
- Civic education for the community
- A politically independent constitutional commission
- Broad-based citizen participation
- Flexibility on what gets considered when
- Accessible language
- Provision for amendment
- Formal approval
- Financial support for the process
- Time and patience
2. Examples of successful approaches to citizen engagement
- Websites & blogs
- Small forums & meetings
- Newspaper articles & newsletters
- Constitutional conventions
- Youth engagement
- Social media
IV. LIVING: How do we live with our new constitution?
1. Change is just the beginning
2. Some strategies in support of implementation
- Reorganizing government to support the new constitution
- Changing the nation’s political culture
- Ongoing civic education
- Interpreting the constitution
3. Looking ahead
V. CONSTITUTIONS IN ACTION
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
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